The curvature that increases along the nail’s distal sides causes severe pain, chronic inflammation, and recurrent infections, affecting the daily lives of afflicted patients. There are various reports of pincer nails, including hereditary and acquired cases 4. Most commonly, however, particularly in toenails, the causes are biomechanical or arthritic changes.
Typical appearance of pincer nail. Transverse
It often causes severe pain for patients.
Three main forms of this overcurvature have been identified:
To lessen the chance of the nail becoming ingrown, don’t round off the corners. Diagnosis is by appearance, wet mount, culture, polymerase. Poorly fitting shoes has been suggested as one of the most common causes of pincer nails 5. Pnd affects the ability of patients to walk or wear shoes [ 2 ], and some severe cases require elective toe amputation [ 4 ].
With pnd, including gastrointestinal malignancies, renal failure, kawasaki disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus [8, 9].
A physician should be consulted in order to correctly diagnose the possible causes of any toenail or fingernail disorders. Many systemic illnesses are related to pnd, together with gastrointestinal malignancies, renal failure, kawasaki illness, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus [8, 9]. We perform a thorough literature review and an additional review of pertinent clinical cases, aiming to provide a comprehensive review of the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical classification, differential diagnosis, and treatment. It is possible to achieve satisfactory results with surgical therapy in cases of severe deformity, but the invasive approach may cause severe discomfort in some cases.
A pincer nail is a common nail deformity of toenails and is characterized by nail thickening and nail plate deformation.
It often causes severe pain for patients. Pincer nail deformity is an important health problem that causes discomfort in daily life. The nails typically are deformed and discolored white or yellow. Recently several methods have been reported for the treatment of pincer nail deformity, such as dermis graft, or adm(acellular dermal matrix) graft.
Pincer nail may be inherited or acquired.
It is a deformity characterized by transverse overcurvature of the nail that increases distally. In 1996, baran suggested that unfitting shoes cause acquired pnd [10]. This causes widening of the proximal matrix and as a result secondary torque in the distal nail plate leading to the typical appearance. A fungal disease, like onychomycosis
Most commonly, however, particularly in toenails, the causes are biomechanical or arthritic changes.
A pincer nail is a common nail deformity of toenails and is characterized by nail thickening and nail plate deformation. Is there a cure for pincer nails? Alteration of the shape of the underlying distal phalanx due to osteophyte formation at the apex may be a cause of pincer nails. Unlike hereditary pincer nails, acquired pincer nails exhibit asymmetry.
Pincer nails do not require standard treatment.
Other medical causes include gout , diabetes , fungal infection and malnourishment. Most commonly, however, particularly in toenails, the causes are biomechanical or arthritic changes. Clinical characteristics, causes, and managements There can be numerous causes of pincer toenails, such as:
In addition, the role of mechanobiology in the alteration of nails is not clearly identified.
The treatment options include conservative approaches and surgical procedures. Foot alterations because of narrow shoes or osteoarthritis are reported to cause pincer nails 3. Another cause of pincer nails is heredity, but this is rare. Mechanical forces influence the nail configuration and development of pincer nail deformity.
