The bactericidal mechanism of metal and metal oxide nanocomposites involve in the production of reactive oxygen species which includes superoxide radical anions, hydrogen peroxide anions and hydrogen peroxide which interact with the cell wall of bacteria causing damage to the cell membrane in turn inhibiting the further growth of cell with leakage of internal cellular. Nanocomposite made up of iron oxide added with silver and nano fibrillated cellulose produced bactericidal effect (xiong et al., 2013). The excellent bactericidal effect of zep nps is confirmed in a skin infection model and a lung infection model, demonstrating the great potential to deal with internal infections.
3 Antiviral effects of metal nanoparticles. The antiviral
The electro¬static interaction of nanoparticles with negativelycharged bac¬terial surfaces draws the particles to the bacteria and promotes their penetration into the membrane.
Klabunde, “metal oxide nanoparticles as bactericidal agents,” langmuir, vol.
Previous studies have demonstrated that the bactericidal efficacy of mgo nps increases with decreasing of their size and increasing of their concentration [ 16 ]. Mgonps have been recognized as safe materials by the united states food and drug administration (21cfr184.1431). This nano fibrillated cellulose used as a reducing agent. Antimicrobial activity has been shown to be influenced by the route of synthesis and precursors.
Among the many different inorganic metal oxides, magnesium oxide nanoparticles (mgonps) are an antibacterial agent with the advantages of being nontoxic and relatively easy to obtain.
Many studies have shown that mgo nanoparticles have good antibacterial activity. Due to the optimal antibacterial properties of the synthesised cobalt oxide nanoparticles, they can be used in the fabrication of dental and medical equipment with antibacterial properties. These compounds have a wide range of potential applications in biomedical fields ( 1 , 2 ), in textile fabrics ( 3 ), and in water treatment as disinfectants ( 4 ) or antibiofilm. Metal oxide nanoparticles are of great in¬terest for use as potential antimicrobial agents because of their unique optical, electronic, and magnetic properties.
13.2, metal oxide nanoparticles generate reactive oxygen species (ros), which stimulates oxidative stress inside bacteria cells and causes the cell death in bacteria (dizaj et al.
Nanotechnology offers a way to develop new inorganic antibacterial agents. The best antibacterial activity of cobalt oxide nanoparticles was observed in experiment 9 (cobalt nitrate 0.6 m, koh 2m and stirring time 60 min). Most antibacterial inorganic materials chemical reactor where the reaction process results from are metallic nanoparticles and metal oxide nanoparticles local heat and pressure at contact surfaces at the nanoscale. Nanoparticles possess unique physical, chemical, electronic, electrical, mechanical, magnetic, thermal, dielectric, optical, and biological properties.
Hence, a plethora of literature exists on prominent mons like ag 2 o, cuo, zno, tio 2, mgo, al 2 o 3, and au, as activity was influenced.
Among metal oxide nanoparticles iron oxide nanoparticle possess finer biocompatibility, elevated large surface areas, novel magnetic properties and crystalline structure. Optimisation of cobalt oxide nanoparticles synthesis as bactericidal agents. The nanoparticles had a mean size of 80 nm and represented an impressive bactericidal effect on pseudomonas aeruginosa. Copper oxide nanoparticles were synthesized from copper sulphate pentahydrate (cuso 4 ·5h 2 o) metal precursor using nabh 4 as a reducing agent and microbial surfactant identified as lipopeptidal.
Metal oxide nanoparticles are of great in¬terest for use as potential antimicrobial agents because of their unique optical, electronic, and magnetic properties.
Such as silver, copper, titanium oxide and zinc oxide moreover, the nacl is used as an inert diluent added to (zno) (bradley et al. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles can be used as effective antimicrobials alone or in combination with other antimicrobial agents [ 15 ]. Mgo is an important inorganic oxide and has been widely used in many fields. Few reports reported that the metal oxide nanoparticles (mgo and zno) have been studied the bacterial cell membrane damage, permeate into the cell, the release of h 2 o 2 and cause cell death [42.
