Cystic hygroma is a rare congenital malformation of the lymphatic system, most frequently detected in the head and neck region. The most preferred modality of treating cystic hygroma remains complete surgical excision; Mean diameter of cystic lesions >1 cm;
Cystic hygroma Radiology Reference Article Radiopaedia
Cystic, hygroma, lymphangioma, lymphatic, tumor.
Other symptoms or complications may include airway obstruction,.
Rarely, a child with a cystic hygroma may have symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea. The authors review the pathologic findings, origin, radiologic appearance, and differential diagnosis of many different intracranial cysts. The mediastinal type of cystic hygroma is rare (less than 1%) and is usually not discovered until adulthood because of its asymptomatic nature and deep location. It appears the first case reported a subdural hygroma developed cephalad to the site of spine fusion.
Previously known as cystic hygroma / cystic lymphangioma, although a term still commonly used when large in the cervical region;
It is the most common form of lymphangioma (75% are located on the neck, 20% in the axillary region. Cystic hygromas are macrocystic lymphangiomas (lymphatic malformations [lms]) that occur in the neck. When you’re pregnant, your doctor may find your baby’s cystic hygroma during a routine ultrasound.these cysts are. Cystic lymphangioma or cystic hygroma is a subtype of lymphangioma which exhibits large macroscopic cystic space histologically.
Correlation of the sonogram with the pathologic specimen demonstrated that the echogenic component corresponded to a cluster of abnormal lymphatic channels, too small to be resolved with.
Lymphangioma is a benign infiltrative malformation of the lymphatic channels. A cystic hygroma characteristically appears as a multiloculated cystic mass with septa of variable thickness that contain solid components arising from the cyst wall or the septa. Ultrasound is considered as being the first level study to investigate a suspected mass suggestive of cystic hygroma. Lymphangioma simplex, cavernous lymphangioma, and ch1.
They are differentiated from nuchal edema by the presence of the nuchal ligament (midline septum).
Roentgen findings are not specific, but features which help differentiate cystic. Most are detected by age two, presenting with pain, dyspnea, infection, hemorrhage or respiratory compromise. A diagnostic algorithm based on most common anatomic locations is presented that helps narrow the differential diagnosis. Homogeneous enhancement is typical for lymphoma.
Lymphangiomas may also be classified on the basis of their radiographic morphology into three categories:
Feeding difficulties and failure to thrive may be present. Macrocystic (lymphatic structures with diameter >2 cm), microcystic (lymphatic structures with diameter < 2 cm), and mixed. The overall prognosis is poor as there is a high association with chromosomal and structural anomalies, and progression to hydrops and fetal demise. The cystic hygroma typically grows as the child grows, and may become apparent after a sudden increase in size, due to an infection or bleeding within the cyst.
Cystic hygroma is caused by defects in the formation of the neck lymphatics.
Cystic hygroma is a type of lymphangioma with large dilated cystic lymph spaces which usually occur in the neck or axillae in infants. [cystic subdural hygroma detected by brain scan (author's transl)]. Congenital remnants like cystic hygroma can be bilateral. A ct scan was performed which showed a cystic superior mediastinal mass, and hypertrophy of the left upper limb.
Central necrosis is more typical for squamous cell carcinoma metastases.
Ch is a misnomer for a benign lesion that appears as an enlarged mass of The cause of cystic hygroma is believed to be developmental defect or primary multilocular cystic malformation of dilated lymphatic. [article in japanese] maeda t, mori h, hisada k. The authors describe the main diagnostic ultrasound features for this type of lymphatic lesion.
Step 3 by exclusion we can conclude that these are bilaterally enlarged lymph nodes with homogeneous enhancement.
